使用基于类的视图处理表单 — Django 6.0.4 documentation（2026）
使用基于类的视图处理表单¶
表单处理通常有3个途径：
初始 GET （空白或预填充表单）
带有合法数据的POST（通常是带有错误的重新显示的表单）
带有合法数据的POST（处理数据和通常重定向）
自己实现这个会导致很多重复的样板代码（查看 Using a form in a view ）。为了避免这个问题，Django 提供了一组通用基于类的视图来处理表单。
基础表单¶
提供联系表单：
forms.py¶from django import forms
class ContactForm(forms.Form):
name = forms.CharField()
message = forms.CharField(widget=forms.Textarea)
def send_email(self):
# send email using the self.cleaned_data dictionary
pass
可以使用 FormView 构建视图：
views.py¶from myapp.forms import ContactForm
from django.views.generic.edit import FormView
class ContactFormView(FormView):
template_name = "contact.html"
form_class = ContactForm
success_url = "/thanks/"
def form_valid(self, form):
# This method is called when valid form data has been POSTed.
# It should return an HttpResponse.
form.send_email()
return super().form_valid(form)
注意：
FormView 继承了
TemplateResponseMixin，因此可以在这里使用template_name。默认实现了
form_valid()简单重定向至success_url。
模型表单¶
Generic views really shine when working with models. These generic
views will automatically create a ModelForm, so long as
they can work out which model class to use:
如果已经给出了
model属性，则使用这个模型类。If
get_object()returns an object, the class of that object will be used.如果已经给出了
queryset，则使用这个查询集的模型。
Model form views provide a
form_valid() implementation
that saves the model automatically. You can override this if you have any
special requirements; see below for examples.
You don't even need to provide a success_url for
CreateView or
UpdateView - they will use
get_absolute_url() on the model object if
available.
如果你想使用一个自定义的 ModelForm （比如添加额外的验证），用来在视图上设置 form_class 。
Note
当指定一个自定义表单类时，必须也要指定模型，即使 form_class 可能是一个 ModelForm 。
First we need to add get_absolute_url() to our
Author class:
models.py¶from django.db import models
from django.urls import reverse
class Author(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=200)
def get_absolute_url(self):
return reverse("author-detail", kwargs={"pk": self.pk})
然后可以使用 CreateView 并友好的执行实际工作。注意这里我们如何配置通用基于类的视图。我们不用自己编写任何逻辑：
views.py¶from django.urls import reverse_lazy
from django.views.generic.edit import CreateView, DeleteView, UpdateView
from myapp.models import Author
class AuthorCreateView(CreateView):
model = Author
fields = ["name"]
class AuthorUpdateView(UpdateView):
model = Author
fields = ["name"]
class AuthorDeleteView(DeleteView):
model = Author
success_url = reverse_lazy("author-list")
Note
我们必须在这里使用 reverse_lazy() 来代替 reverse() ，因为在文件导入时不加载 urls 。
fields 属性的工作方式同 ModelForm 中内部 Meta 类的 fields 属性一样。除非你使用其他方式定义表单类，该属性是必需的，如果属性不存在，视图将引发 ImproperlyConfigured 异常。
如果同时指定了 fields 和 form_class 属性，将会引发 ImproperlyConfigured 异常。
最后将这些新视图挂钩到URLconf中：
urls.py¶from django.urls import path
from myapp.views import AuthorCreateView, AuthorDeleteView, AuthorUpdateView
urlpatterns = [
# ...
path("author/add/", AuthorCreateView.as_view(), name="author-add"),
path("author//" , AuthorUpdateView.as_view(), name="author-update"),
path("author//delete/" , AuthorDeleteView.as_view(), name="author-delete"),
]
Note
这些视图继承 SingleObjectTemplateResponseMixin ，它使用 template_name_suffix 来构建基于模型的 template_name 。
在这个例子里：
CreateView和UpdateView使用myapp/author_form.html。DeleteView使用myapp/author_confirm_delete.html。
如果你想为 CreateView 和 UpdateView 制作单独的模板，你可以在视图类上设置 template_name 或 template_name_suffix 。
模型和 request.user¶
若要跟踪使用 CreateView 创建的用户，你可以使用自定义的 ModelForm 来执行此操作。首先，在模型里添加外键关系：
models.py¶from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.db import models
class Author(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=200)
created_by = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
# ...
In the view, ensure that you don't include created_by in the list of fields
to edit, and override
form_valid() to add the user:
views.py¶from django.contrib.auth.mixins import LoginRequiredMixin
from django.views.generic.edit import CreateView
from myapp.models import Author
class AuthorCreateView(LoginRequiredMixin, CreateView):
model = Author
fields = ["name"]
def form_valid(self, form):
form.instance.created_by = self.request.user
return super().form_valid(form)
LoginRequiredMixin prevents users who
aren't logged in from accessing the form. If you omit that, you'll need to
handle unauthorized users in form_valid().
内容协商示例¶
下面是一个展示了如何实现基于API的工作流以及普通POST表单一起使用的表单：
from django.http import JsonResponse
from django.views.generic.edit import CreateView
from myapp.models import Author
class JsonableResponseMixin:
"""
Mixin to add JSON support to a form.
Must be used with an object-based FormView (e.g. CreateView)
"""
def form_invalid(self, form):
response = super().form_invalid(form)
if self.request.accepts("text/html"):
return response
else:
return JsonResponse(form.errors, status=400)
def form_valid(self, form):
# We make sure to call the parent's form_valid() method because
# it might do some processing (in the case of CreateView, it will
# call form.save() for example).
response = super().form_valid(form)
if self.request.accepts("text/html"):
return response
else:
data = {
"pk": self.object.pk,
}
return JsonResponse(data)
class AuthorCreateView(JsonableResponseMixin, CreateView):
model = Author
fields = ["name"]
The above example assumes that if the client supports text/html, that they
would prefer it. However, this may not always be true. When requesting a
.css file, many browsers will send the header
Accept: text/css,*/*;q=0.1, indicating that they would prefer CSS, but
anything else is fine. This means request.accepts("text/html") will be
True.
To determine the correct format, taking into consideration the client's
preference, use django.http.HttpRequest.get_preferred_type():
class JsonableResponseMixin:
"""
Mixin to add JSON support to a form.
Must be used with an object-based FormView (e.g. CreateView).
"""
accepted_media_types = ["text/html", "application/json"]
def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
if request.get_preferred_type(self.accepted_media_types) is None:
# No format in common.
return HttpResponse(
status_code=406, headers={"Accept": ",".join(self.accepted_media_types)}
)
return super().dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
def form_invalid(self, form):
response = super().form_invalid(form)
accepted_type = self.request.get_preferred_type(self.accepted_media_types)
if accepted_type == "text/html":
return response
elif accepted_type == "application/json":
return JsonResponse(form.errors, status=400)
def form_valid(self, form):
# We make sure to call the parent's form_valid() method because
# it might do some processing (in the case of CreateView, it will
# call form.save() for example).
response = super().form_valid(form)
accepted_type = self.request.get_preferred_type(self.accepted_media_types)
if accepted_type == "text/html":
return response
elif accepted_type == "application/json":
data = {
"pk": self.object.pk,
}
return JsonResponse(data)
The HttpRequest.get_preferred_type() method was added.
Last update:
4月 20, 2026
本文整理自 Django 6.0 官方中文文档，转载请注明出处。