操作系统相关

• system() : 操作系统类型(见例)
• version(): 操作系统版本
• release(): 操作系统发布号, 例如win 7返回7, 还有如NT, 2.2.0之类.
• platform(aliased=0, terse=0): 操作系统信息字符串,扥与system()+win32_ver()[:3]
• win32_ver(release=\’\’, version=\’\’, csd=\’\’, ptype=\’\’): win系统相关信息
• linux_distribution(distname=\’\’, version=\’\’, id=\’\’, supported_dists=(‘SuSE\’, ‘debiaare\’, ‘yellowdog\’, ‘gentoo\’, ‘UnitedLinux\’, ‘turbolinux\’), full_distribution_name=1): Linux系统相关信息
• dist(distname=\’\’, version=\’\’, id=\’\’, supported_dists=(‘SuSE\’, ‘debian\’, ‘fedora\’, ‘redhat\’, ‘centos\’, ‘mandrake\’, ‘mandriva\’, ‘rocks\’, ‘slackware\’, ‘yellowdog\’, ‘gentoo\’, ‘UnitedLinux\’, ‘turbolinux\’)): 尝试获取Linux OS发布版本信息.返回(distname,version,id). dist是发布版本的意思.
• mac_ver(release=\’\’, versioninfo=(‘\’, ‘\’, ‘\’), machine=\’\’): mac版本
• java_ver(release=\’\’, vendor=\’\’, vminfo=(‘\’, ‘\’, ‘\’), osinfo=(‘\’, ‘\’, ‘\’)): java版本
• libc_ver(executable=r\’c:\\Python27\\python.exe\’, lib=\’\’, version=\’\’, chunksize=2048): libc版本,linux相关吧.

以上相应版本查询的返回元组和其形参对应.

platform.system()
\'Linux\' # python 3.3.2+ 64 bits on debian jessie 64 bits
\'Windows\' # python 3.3.2 32 bits on windows 8.1 64 bits
\'Windows\' # python 3.3.2 64 bits on windows 8.1 64 bits
\'Darwin\' # python 3.4.1 64 bits on mac os x 10.9.4
\'Java\' 

platform.version()
\'#1 SMP Debian 3.10.11-1 (2013-09-10)\' # python 3.3.2+ 64 bits on debian jessie 64 bits
\'6.2.9200\' # python 3.3.2 32 bits on windows 8.1 64 bits
\'6.2.9200\' # python 3.3.2 64 bits on windows 8.1 64 bits
\'Darwin Kernel Version 13.3.0: Tue Jun 3 21:27:35 PDT 2014; root:xnu-2422.110.17~1/RELEASE_X86_64\' # python 3.4.1 64 bits on mac os x 10.9.4

platform()
\'Windows-7-6.1.7601-SP1\'

win32_ver()
(\'7\', \'6.1.7601\', \'SP1\', u\'Multiprocessor Free\')

platform.dist()
(\'debian\', \'jessie/sid\', \'\') # python 3.3.2+ 64 bits on debian jessie 64 bits

系统信息

• uname(): 返回元组,system, node, release, version, machine, processor.
• architecture(executable=r\’c:\\Python27\\python.exe\’, bits=\’\’, linkage=\’\’): 系统架构
• machine() : CPU平台,AMD,x86?(见例)
• node() : 节点名(机器名,如Hom-T400)
• processor() : CPU信息
• system_alias(system, release, version): 返回相应元组..没何屌用.
• platform.architecture()

(\'64bit\', \'ELF\') # python 3.3.2+ 64 bits on debian jessie 64 bits
(\'32bit\', \'WindowsPE\') # python 2.7.2 32 bits on windows 7 64 bits
(\'64bit\', \'WindowsPE\') # python 3.3.2 64 bits on wndows 8.1 64 bits
(\'64bit\', \'\') # python 3.4.1 64 bits on mac os x 10.9.4

platform.machine()
\'x86_64\' # python 3.3.2+ 64 bits on debian jessie 64 bits
\'AMD64\' # python 3.3.2 32 bits on windows 8.1 64 bits
\'AMD64\' # python 3.3.2 64 bits on windows 8.1 64 bits
\'x86_64\' # python 3.4.1 64 bits on mac os x 10.9.4

platform.node()
\'Hom-T400\' 

platform.processor()
\'Intel64 Family 6 Model 23 Stepping 10, GenuineIntel\'

platform.uname()
(\'Windows\', \'Hom-T400\', \'7\', \'6.1.7601\', \'AMD64\', \'Intel64 Family 6 Model 23 Stepping 10, GenuineIntel\')

uname_result(system=\'Linux\', node=\'work\', release=\'3.10-3-amd64\', version=\'#1 SMP Debian 3.10.11-1 (2013-09-10)\', machine=\'x86_64\', processor=\'\') # python 3.3.2+ 64 bits on debian jessie 64 bits
 
uname_result(system=\'Windows\', node=\'work-xxx\', release=\'8\', version=\'6.2.9200\', machine=\'AMD64\', processor=\'Intel64 Family 6 Model 58 Stepping 9,GenuineIntel\') # python 3.3.2 32 bits on windows 8.1 64 bits
 
uname_result(system=\'Darwin\', node=\'mba\', release=\'13.3.0\', version=\'Darwin Kernel Version 13.3.0: Tue Jun 3 21:27:35 PDT 2014; root:xnu-2422.110.17~1/RELEASE_X86_64\', machine=\'x86_64\', processor=\'i386\') # python 3.4.1 64 bits on mac os x 10.9.4

Python相关

• python_version(): py版本号
• python_branch(): python分支(子版本信息),一般为空.
• python_build(): python编译号(default)和日期.
• python_compiler(): py编译器信息
• python_implementation(): python安装履行方式,如CPython, Jython, Pypy, IronPython(.net)等.
• python_revision(): python类型修改版信息,一般为空.
• python_version_tuple():python版本号分割后的tuple.
• popen(cmd, mode=\’r\’, bufsize=None): portable popen() 接口,执行各种命令.
• python_verison()

\'3.3.2+\' # python 3.3.2+ 64 bits on debian jessie 64 bits
\'3.3.3\' # python 3.3.2 32 bits on windows 8.1 64 bits
python_version_tuple()
(\'2\', \'7\', \'2\')
python_build()
(\'default\', \'Jun 12 2011 15:08:59\')
python_compiler()
\'MSC v.1500 32 bit (Intel)\'
pl.python_implementation()
\'CPython\'

获取用户名：

>>> import getpass 
>>> getpass.getuser() 
\'root\'

获取环境变量：

>>> import os
>>> import pwd
>>> os.environ[\'LANG\']
\'en_US.UTF-8\'
>>> print os.getenv(\'LANG\')
en_US.UTF-8
>>> print os.getenv(\'PWD\')
/root
>>> print os.getenv(\'HOME\')
/root
>>> print os.getenv(\'USER\')
root
>>> print os.getenv(\'HOSTNAME\')
localhost.localdomain
>>> print os.getenv(\'SHELL\')
/bin/bash
>>> pwd.getpwuid(os.getuid())
pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name=\'root\', pw_passwd=\'x\', pw_uid=0, pw_gid=0, pw_gecos=\'root\', pw_dir=\'/root\', pw_shell=\'/bin/bash\')
>>> pwd.getpwuid(os.getuid())[0] #获得用户名
\'root\'
>>> pwd.getpwuid(os.getuid())[5] #获得家目录
\'/root\'
>>> pwd.getpwuid(os.getuid())[6] #获得shell
\'/bin/bash\'

还有个os.environ.get，会返回所有环境变量为一个字典