Python元字典
字典(dictionary)是除列表以外python之中最灵活的内置数据结构类型。列表是有序的对象结合,字典是无序的对象集合。
两者之间的区别在于:字典当中的元素是通过键来存取的,而不是通过偏移存取。
字典用\”{ }\”标识。字典由索引(key)和它对应的值value组成。
#!/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- dict = {} dict[\'one\'] = \"This is one\" dict[2] = \"This is two\" tinydict = {\'name\': \'john\',\'code\':6734, \'dept\': \'sales\'} print dict[\'one\'] # 输出键为\'one\' 的值 print dict[2] # 输出键为 2 的值 print tinydict # 输出完整的字典 print tinydict.keys() # 输出所有键 print tinydict.values() # 输出所有值
输出结果为:
This is one This is two {\'dept\': \'sales\', \'code\': 6734, \'name\': \'john\'} [\'dept\', \'code\', \'name\'] [\'sales\', 6734, \'john\']
Python成员运算符
除了以上的一些运算符之外,Python还支持成员运算符,测试实例中包含了一系列的成员,包括字符串,列表或元组。
以下实例演示了Python所有成员运算符的操作:
#!/usr/bin/python a = 10 b = 20 list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]; if ( a in list ): print \"Line 1 - a is available in the given list\" else: print \"Line 1 - a is not available in the given list\" if ( b not in list ): print \"Line 2 - b is not available in the given list\" else: print \"Line 2 - b is available in the given list\" a = 2 if ( a in list ): print \"Line 3 - a is available in the given list\" else: print \"Line 3 - a is not available in the given list\"
以上实例输出结果:
Line 1 - a is not available in the given list Line 2 - b is not available in the given list Line 3 - a is available in the given list