python利用beautifulSoup实现爬虫

以前讲过利用phantomjs做爬虫抓网页 http://www.jb51.net/article/55789.htm 是配合选择器做的

利用 beautifulSoup(文档 ：http://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/bs4/doc/)这个python模块，可以很轻松的抓取网页内容

# coding=utf-8
import urllib
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

url =\'http://www.baidu.com/s\'
values ={\'wd\':\'网球\'}
encoded_param = urllib.urlencode(values)
full_url = url +\'?\'+ encoded_param
response = urllib.urlopen(full_url)
soup =BeautifulSoup(response)
alinks = soup.find_all(\'a\')

上面可以抓取百度搜出来结果是网球的记录。

beautifulSoup内置了很多非常有用的方法。

几个比较好用的特性：

构造一个node元素

复制代码 代码如下:
soup = BeautifulSoup(\'Extremely bold\’)
tag = soup.b
type(tag)
#

属性可以使用attr拿到，结果是字典

复制代码 代码如下:
tag.attrs
# {u\’class\’: u\’boldest\’}

或者直接tag.class取属性也可。

也可以自由操作属性

tag[\'class\'] = \'verybold\'
tag[\'id\'] = 1
tag
# 
Extremely bold

del tag[\'class\']
del tag[\'id\']
tag
# 
Extremely bold

tag[\'class\']
# KeyError: \'class\'
print(tag.get(\'class\'))
# None

还可以随便操作，查找dom元素，比如下面的例子

1.构建一份文档

html_doc = \"\"\"


The Dormouse\'s story

Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
Elsie,
Lacie and
Tillie;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.

...
\"\"\"

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc)

2.各种搞

soup.head
# 
soup.title
# 
soup.body.b
# The Dormouse\'s story
soup.a
# Elsie
soup.find_all(\'a\')
# [Elsie,
# Lacie,
# Tillie]
head_tag = soup.head
head_tag
# 

head_tag.contents
[]

title_tag = head_tag.contents[0]
title_tag
# 
title_tag.contents
# [u\'The Dormouse\'s story\']
len(soup.contents)
# 1
soup.contents[0].name
# u\'html\'
text = title_tag.contents[0]
text.contents

for child in title_tag.children:
  print(child)
head_tag.contents
# []
for child in head_tag.descendants:
  print(child)
# 
# The Dormouse\'s story

len(list(soup.children))
# 1
len(list(soup.descendants))
# 25
title_tag.string
# u\'The Dormouse\'s story\'